Membedah Perbedaan Jadwal Imsakiyah 1447 Hijriah di Majalengka

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the differences in the Ramadan 1447 H/2026 M imsakiyah schedules issued by the Branch Executive Board of Nahdlatul Ulama (PCNU) and the Regional Executive Board of Muhammadiyah (PDM) in Majalengka Regency, as well as their implications for fasting and prayer practices. This research employed a qualitative approach using descriptive-analytical library research. Primary data were obtained from the imsakiyah schedules published by PCNU and PDM of Majalengka Regency, the Muhammadiyah Hisab Guidelines, and Muhammadiyah Decree No. 734/KEP/I.0/B/2021. Secondary data were collected through a literature review of Islamic astronomy (falak) and prayer time determination. Data were analyzed using a spherical astronomy approach through mathematical verification of the parameters and calculation results of both imsakiyah schedules, followed by qualitative interpretation. The findings reveal a difference of 6–7 minutes in the Fajr prayer time and 1 minute in the Maghrib prayer time. The discrepancy in Fajr time is caused by different solar altitude criteria, namely approximately -19°41′56.86″ in the PCNU schedule and -18° in the PDM schedule. This solar altitude difference of 1°41′56.86″ results in a time difference of approximately 6 minutes and 47.79 seconds. Meanwhile, the Maghrib time difference is attributed to a minor variation in solar refraction values and does not affect the validity of fasting or Maghrib prayer. In contrast, the Fajr time difference has implications for determining the beginning of fasting and the validity of Fajr prayer. This study concludes that the differences in imsakiyah schedules are a consequence of differing ijtihad in determining astronomical parameters and should be addressed through tolerance and consistency in adhering to one's chosen schedule to maintain harmony in religious practice.