Ungkapan Hal Yastawī, Mā Yastawī, dan Lā Yastawī  dalam Al-Qur’an dan Perbandingan Maknanya

Bunga Indah; Abdul Halim

doi:10.59996/aksioreligia.v4i1.1048

Authors

Bunga Indah Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
Abdul Halim Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59996/aksioreligia.v4i1.1048

Keywords:

hal yastawī, lā yastawī, mā yastawī, Al-Qurtubī, Ibnu Katsīr, As-Sa’dī

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the expressions hal yastawī, lā yastawī, and mā yastawī in the Qur’an and to compare their meanings and rhetorical functions. The research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method by examining Qur’anic verses containing these expressions alongside classical exegeses and Arabic linguistic literature. The findings reveal that hal yastawī predominantly functions as istifhām inkārī (rhetorical interrogation), serving to deny equality through rhetorical questioning and producing a strong persuasive effect. Meanwhile, lā yastawī functions as nafyu al-musāwāh, expressing a firm, universal, and normative negation of equality between two compared entities. In contrast, mā yastawī tends to be used to indicate inequality that can be observed empirically and rationally through analogies and phenomena perceptible to human senses. Although all three expressions convey the rejection of equivalence, each possesses distinct semantic and rhetorical characteristics according to its textual context. These findings demonstrate that the variation of yastawī expressions in the Qur’an reflects the richness of Qur’anic discourse in conveying theological, moral, and spiritual messages effectively.

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