Jurnal Pelita Nusantara

Menentukan Arah Kiblat dengan Metode Rashdul Kiblat

Khalid Shafaruddin, Rudi Piliang, Agus Sucipto — Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research extensively examines alternative methods based on celestial mechanics and astronomy namely the Global Rashdul Qibla (Istiwa A'zam) and the Daily (Local) Rashdul Qibla methods as comprehensive solutions for achieving high-precision Qibla direction. Utilizing a qualitative research design with a mathematical approach using spherical trigonometry and simulated field observations, this study formulates standard operating procedures for Qibla calibration using solar shadow instruments, ranging from simple gnomons to the modern modified Mizwala Qibla Finder instrument. Simulations of spatial observation data at several coordinate points in Indonesia demonstrate that the solar shadow method can reduce deviation errors to less than five arcminutes (0° 5'), far surpassing the reliability of digital compasses, which consistently exhibit deviation distortions ranging from 1° to 5°. The conclusion of this study confirms that the Rashdul Qibla method definitively resolves the issue of Earth's magnetic anomalies. It is easily implemented communally by the public without requiring geodetic expertise or expensive optical instruments, and is highly recommended as the primary standard for calibrating the orientation of places of worship, with the operational caveat that it relies on clear meteorological weather conditions.

Perbedaan Penentuan Awal Bulan Hijriyah di Indonesia

Martinus Oktavianus — Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article seeks to comprehensively examine the epistemological and astronomical roots triggering these differences, as well as to analyze their implications from the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah (Islamic Political Jurisprudence). Through a qualitative approach utilizing a library research design, this study compares various dominant paradigms, ranging from hisab hakiki wujudul hilal, imkanur rukyat (Neo-MABIMS), to the Single Global Hijri Calendar (KHGT). The results indicate that the epistemological root of the differences lies in the dialectic of interpreting rukyat (moon sighting) as a mahdhah worship with a ta'abbudi (textual-ritual) dimension, juxtaposed against the view that rukyat is merely an instrumental tool with a ta'aqquli (contextual-rational) dimension. Astronomically, the divergence is triggered by the starting point of the crescent visibility criteria, particularly the fundamental debate regarding the use of topocentric versus geocentric parameters at a 6.4-degree elongation in Neo-MABIMS, as well as Muhammadiyah's adoption of the new KHGT parameters. In the specific case of the month of Dhul-Hijjah, a sharp clash occurs between the jurisdictions of local matla' (wilayatul hukmi) and global matla' (ittihadul matla'). From the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah, the government authority (ulil amri) through the instrument of the Sidang Isbat (confirmation hearing) does not impose unification in an authoritarian manner, but rather implements a collaborative governance that upholds the freedom of ijtihad. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the unification of Islamic timekeeping demands a methodological compromise that integrates syar'i validity and scientific certainty, along with the relinquishment of sectoral egos towards the harmonization of a global calendar.

Perhitungan Arah Kiblat dan Keterkaitannya dengan Akurasi Ibadah dan Literasi Masyarakat

Rahma Awalia, Chintya, Dupit Malinda — Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Determining the Qibla direction is a fundamental discourse at the intersection of Islamic astronomy (Ilmu Falak) and Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), bearing direct implications for the validity of Muslim worship. This research report provides an in-depth examination of the urgency of Qibla direction accuracy in resolving everyday problems, focusing on a socio-religious case study in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The Sambas Malay-Muslim community is known for its deeply rooted religious traditions; however, sociological dynamics frequently give rise to debates and cognitive conflicts concerning the shifting of the Qibla direction, affecting both the spatial layout of mosques and the orientation of burials (liang lahad). Employing a mixed-methods approach that integrates quantitative calculations based on spherical trigonometry with qualitative observations of the community's socio-cultural practices, this research formulates precise Qibla direction coordinates for the Sambas region. Mathematical calculations indicate that the average Qibla azimuth for the center of Sambas Regency is at an angle of 292°28’55’’ from True North towards the East-South-West, or extending 67°31’05" from North to the West. The conclusion of this extensive study asserts that integrating the mathematical certainty of Islamic astronomy with a sociological wisdom approach is highly crucial in implementing Qibla direction corrections to prevent horizontal conflicts within the traditional Sambas community.

Konsep Waktu Sholat 5 Waktu Secara Astronomi

Rendy Febiansyah, Rara Azzahra — Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Determining the beginning of prayer times in the Islamic tradition is essentially a process of translating empirical natural phenomena mandated by sacred texts into highly precise mathematical and astronomical formulations. This research report comprehensively analyzes the astronomical scientific foundations of determining the five obligatory prayer times, with the main objective of bridging classical qualitative visual observation (rukyat) with contemporary astronomical computation systems (hisab). The fundamental problem addressed in this study is how to convert textual phenomena such as the sun crossing the meridian, the length of projected shadows, the setting of the solar disk, the disappearance of the twilight glow (syafaq), and the rising of the true dawn (fajr shadiq) into exact celestial spherical coordinate system parameters. Through a qualitative research method with an astronomical computation approach referring to the principles of Spherical Trigonometry and Jean Meeus's algorithms, this report outlines every determining variable: solar declination, Equation of Time, geographical latitude, and atmospheric correction factors (refraction, dip of the horizon, and semi-diameter). The research results show that all the intents of fiqh jurisprudence ultimately rely on one main variable: the altitude or depression angle of the sun ($h$). In addition to presenting an actual simulation for the Pontianak region, this report discusses the harmonious synthesis between fiqh and astronomy, the debate on dawn angle criteria among authorities in Indonesia, and the philosophical-legal foundation for determining the safety time value (ihtiyat). The main conclusion asserts that astronomy does not change the substance of sharia; rather, it provides absolute mathematical certainty to worship commands that are cosmological, natural, and universal.

Menghitung Tinggi Matahari dan Mengukur Azimut Matahari

Tan Dwi Rizki Ramadini — Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The position of the Sun in the sky plays an important role in various fields such as astronomy, navigation, and timekeeping. This position can be determined through the measurement of the Sun’s altitude and azimuth, which are part of the horizontal coordinate system in astronomy. This study aims to determine the Sun’s altitude and azimuth at a specific time using the shadow of a vertical stick (gnomon). The observation was conducted using a direct observation method on April 6, 2025, at 13:01 WIB in Kampung Angus, Tanjung Bugis Village, Sambas. The gnomon used was 20 cm high, and its shadow measured 7.9 cm in the eastward direction. Based on this data, trigonometric calculations were performed to obtain the Sun’s altitude of 68.45° and an azimuth of 270° indicating that the Sun was positioned precisely to the west at the time of observation.